If the additional revenue is not reported, do both Robert and Larry potentially lose benefits

An employee, Fred, working in the accounts office of a medium-sized company listed on the Nairobi Stock Exchange, was working late one evening during the week. He realized he had left his pen in the boardroom at an earlier meeting and, given its value, went upstairs to look for it. As he approached the door he heard the following discussion:‘Chief Executive: I am deeply concerned that if this fall in profit figures is disclosed in the next annual report, there will be sorts of problems with the shareholders. We may even lose a number of big investors.Non-executive director (also the cousin of the Chief Executive): (large sign) well, I suppose we could always find a way of making them look better.Chief Executive: How? I can’t see it at all.Non-executive director: Well, we could make them just slightly higher than last year’s figures by including the proceeds of sales of our toothbrush division.Chief Executive: But the sale doesn’t go through until October.Non executive director: No, but…

Nicole Martins is the controller at UMC Corp., a publicly traded manufacturing company. Last year, UMC had annual sales revenue of $15 million. The first quarter of this year just ended, and Nicole needs to prepare a trial balance so she can prepare the quarterly financial statements. However, the trial balance is out of balance by $750 (credits exceed debits). Nicole is running out of time aside as the report is due today! Therefore, she decides to balance by plugging the $750 into the account called depreciation expense account. She chooses this account because it is one that is adjusted during the year end. Three basic principles of accrual accounting are that revenue must be recognized in the period it is earned, expenses must be recorded in the period they support revenue and are generated, and debits equal credits.  Does this violate any of these basic principles?  If so, which ones?  When the trial balance does not balance, what might this indicate?  Explain the ethical issues…

Edward L. Vincent is CFO of Energy Resources, Inc. The company specializes in the exploration and development of natural gas. It's near year-end, and Edward is feeling terrific. Natural gas prices have risen throughout the year, and Energy Resources is set to report record-breaking performance that will greatly exceed analysts' expectations. However, during an executive meeting this morning, management agreed to "tone down" profits due to concerns that reporting excess profits could encourage additional government regulations in the industry, hindering future profitability. Edward decides to adjust the estimated service life of development equipment from 10 years to 6 years. He also plans to adjust estimated residual values on development equipment to zero as it is nearly impossible to accurately estimate residual values on equipment like this anyway. Required: 1.Explain how the adjustment of estimated service life from 10 years to 6 years will affect depreciation…

The following scenario describes the X Company with 25M revenue and approximately 300 employees. X company is a publicly listed company that first became listed 3 years ago. It has been hit hard by the recent pandemic and its sales dropped from 375M to 250M. It is barely profitable and is just meeting some of the most important debt covenants. During the past year, the CEO and owner of 22% shares of the company has taken the following actions to reduce costs:   Laid approximately 75 factory workers and streamlined receiving and shipping to be more efficient. Cut hourly wages by P50 per hour. Changed from big 4 audit firm to a regional audit firm, resulting to an additional audit savings of P300,000. This is the first public company audit for the new firm. Put a freeze on hiring despite the accounting’s retirement of its assistant controller. This has required a great deal of overtime for most accounting personnel. Required: For each of the items above, identify whether the…

Margaret is the manager of a medium-size company. A few years ago, Margaret persuaded the owner to base a part of her compensation on the net income of the company. Each December she estimates year-end financial figures in anticipation of the bonus she will receive. If the bonus is not as high as she would like, she offers several recommendations to the accountant for year-end adjustments. One of her favorite recommendations is for the controller to reduce the estimate of doubtful accounts. What type of internal control(s) might be useful for this company in overseeing the manager's recommendation for accounting changes?

Tehra Dactyl is an accountant for Skeds, Inc., a footwear and apparel company. The company's revenue and net income have increased by more than 100% over the past three years. During the same period, Tehra and her colleagues in the accounting department have not received a raise or salary increase. Frustrated by not receiving a raise while the company has thrived, Tehra has begun submitting expense reimbursements for personal purchases. Tehra has a good relationship with her supervisor, and he simply “signs off” on Tehra's expense reimbursements. Tehra suspects that he knows that she is submitting personal expenses for reimbursement and is “looking the other way” because Tehra has not received a raise in the past three years.  Are Tehra and her supervisor acting in an ethical manner? Why?